Yes 40K borrows alot from the Bible. Most of the Ecclesiarchy and vast administratum seem to be modeled upon Catholic hierarchy particularly with the latinesque \"gothic\" words/liturgy and the Inquisition. I have noticed recently though, after just re-reading the entire Dune series, that 40K owes alot of its imagery and themes to Frank Herbert. Some of the obvious things:
1. The Bene Gesserit Sisterhood is very much like the Sisters of Battle; especially the fact that the Orders Famoulous \"...role is to ensure that the Imperium\'s noble families work towards the ultimate good of mankind, brokering trade agreements, alliances and marriages between families.\" \"...their intimate knowledge of a families bloodlines can prove invaluable (to the Inquisition)\". This mirrors very closely the Bene Gesserit goal of seeing to the good and \"maturity\" of mankind through arranged marriages and recording bloodlines. Also the orders Dialogous specialize in languages which was a trait of Bene Gesserit training who\'s schools bear a striking resemblance to the Schola Progenium. The Ecclesiarchy maintains the Missionarus Galaxia which is uncannily similar to the Missionaria Protectiva. Hmmm.
2. In the Dune universe the spice is addictive, dangerous and necessary due to it\'s enhancement of human psychic abilities which are closely monitored by the Bene Gesserit and the priesthood of Arrakis. In 40K It is the psychic abilities which are necessary evils. Both worlds rely on their particular \"danger\" for space travel and communication.
3. The Emporer of the known universe (Dune) occupies a Golden Lion throne. Hmmm.
4. The Imperial elite troops (Sardaukar) were recruited from a very harsh \"deathworld\" (can anyone say Catachans?)
There are many more similarities that could fill an entire book. But you get the point.